Ocean Carriers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ocean Carriers - Term Paper Example A discount rate of nine percent is used by the ocean carrier. Having in mind that, during the 8 days, the customers would not be charged and each and every new vessel will be devaluated or depreciated on the basis of a straight line for over twenty five years. The market rate that prevails in the daily spot is averagely twenty two thousand ($20,000) dollars every day. A discount rate of nine percent is used by the ocean carrier. While viewing at the projections carried out by analysts of Linn and present growth expectation in the ore and iron markets, the long run view for the sinking bulk industry look promising (Chandraiah 88). The increasing exports of ore and iron will make the demand for sinking to increase. It may also permit shipping firms to enlarge their rates. Nevertheless, as rates start to drop immensely and every shipping vessel needs a huge long-term investment, much risk is attached to the firm. Thus, projections should not, in any way, be considered entirely reliable. In the following year, every day hire rates would likely decline as the ore and iron market is anticipated to enlarge in two years’ time. As a result of the decrease in demand for the new shipping vessel, the price will considerably go down. Assuming that ocean carriers are to be subjected to an American tax rate of thirty five percent (35%), using a nine percent (9%) rate of discount, and anticipated every day hire rates foretold by analysts, the agreed upon lease does not seem to translate into profits. This is because of the large investment that was made at the initial stages (Berezin

Adam Revo Relaunch Essay Example for Free

Adam Revo Relaunch Essay First of all we would like to Thank ALMIGHTY, Who is the source of all our knowledge and wisdom. Then we would particularly like to thank our respected instructor Mr. Yasir Ali Somro for providing us the opportunity to look into various aspects of Marketing. His teaching is very informative and beneficial for us in future. He has been very helpful to us in making the project and in gaining further knowledge. Then thanks to our Parents, Friends and Colleagues in making of this project. Moreover we are thankful to all our group members who have coordinated and cooperated in the making of this report. 1. Company Description The group was initiated by Sir Adamjee Haji Dawood (1880-1948) who also played a vibrant role in the birth of the state of Pakistan by acting as a financial advisor and supporter to Quaid-e-Azam Mohomed Ali Jinnah-the founding father of Pakistan. Sir Adamjees role as advisor gave birth to various economic institutions; the Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), Orient Airways, and the Morning Star newspaper. These were primarily established at the behest of Quaid-e-Azam Mohomed Ali Jinnah to win support of Muslims of Pakistan and facilitate them in migration to Pakistan during the partition of India in August 1947. Adam Motor Co., an assembler of Chinese SUVs and pickup trucks in Pakistan introduced an indigenous automobile Called the Revo. It is a 3576 mm long hatchback, powered by either a 800 cc or a 1051 cc petrol engine, sourced from Wuling in China. Otherwise the car is built from local parts. Adam Revo was a city car made by the now defunct Adam Motor Company of Pakistan. It was the first car to be designed assembled in Pakistan. The Revo is being assembled at a plant in Karachi owned by Adam Motors. And the engine and transmission systems have come from China. The company plans to make 5,000units a year 2. Reasons of failure There are some main causes of failure of this project: Political As world is a global village now so foreign brands are easily available in the market. People tend to prefer foreign companies over local companies. If you want to grow your local automotive industry then one must first give tax leverage to this industry to protect their companies or else foreign companies would run the domestic country down to nothing. Lack of Government support Former Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz inaugurated Revo’s plant in 2003, Aziz promised Feroz Khan, the maker of Revo, to buy his car for the government as it was the cheapest in the country. Feroz Khan did produce suffice to cater the needs of Government who decided to buy Adam Revo instead of Mehran. The government could have easily bought 5,000-10,000 cars a year but it never fulfilled its promise and that was one of the major reasons why the project collapsed. Lack of funds Due to interest of Prime Minister, Feroz Khan produces enough to carter the Government. When Government never fulfilled its promise, debt pilled up then company had to go bankrupt. There weren’t enough funds left to rejuvenate this company and to pay off its debt. Road grip of tires Tires used were of cheap quality, bumps and surface imperfections in the road results in inevitably reduced grip on the road which leads to a harsh ride. Speed-o-Meter People didn’t like cheap Speed-o-Meter of Adam Revo, which reminds drivers of 19s car. Now days where stylish cars are easily available, people didn’t like buying car which gives them the feel of driving any vintage car so they pay extra just to have car with a bit of pizzas by paying 45-75000 extra. Lower Quality of interior plastic The car wasn’t good enough. The cheap plastic interior and hideous looks were not up to the expectations of the potential buyers of car, who rather preferred a used car than an Adam Revo. No Promotions/Advertising/Marketing plan Effective way of selling your product is to advertise it through Ads, Campaign and promotions. Adam Revo didn’t do its advertising its product; therefore only small part of the total population was aware of Adam Revo, rest still get baffled when asked about Pakistan’s first car Revo. People weren’t aware of Adam Revo how could it have earned profit. 3. Strategic Focus and plan Mission/Vision Adam Motor Company’s mission is to introduce vehicles with maximum indigenization, to price our vehicles most competitively with reliable quality, to realize highest customer satisfaction through 3S facilities, to export and to be a responsible corporate citizen. Goals Pakistani car industry to reach greater heights and eventually compete with larger car companies, within Pakistan and internationally. Core Competency and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Adam Motors believe that given the right environment and training, their people can be the best in the world. They believe that all their products must contain high indigenization, reliable quality and excellent after sale service Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration: Adam Motors will first try to capture market share by penetrating into market using Market-Penetration Strategy and to compete from well settled companies  like SUZUKI, HONDA, TOYOTA, and CHEVERLOTE excreta. These companies are already offering good cars and have established there names in Automobile industry. To penetrate into market Adam has its advantage of low price. Its biggest competitor is Mehran (cash cow for SUZUKI) in 800cc. Adam still has 70 to 80000 price difference from it. This strategy is appropriate for Adam Motors as there is a demand and the customers are looking for bargains. Adam Revo has an affordable price which can penetrate deep into the market for middle class people. After company increase its market share company can go for Product development strategy while developing new product for potential interest to its current markets. Once company establishes its reputation it can offer a new product in a new market by using diversification strategy. Porter Generic Strategies Cost Leadership When it comes to market Revo, Overall cost leadership Strategy is appropriate for Adam Motors to gain market. Adam Motors is considered to be lowest cost producer within industry. And there advantage over Mehran makes is highly affordable for the middle class people and giving company a competitive advantage over other automobile companies. 4. Situation Analysis SWOT Analysis Strength: The only Pakistani manufacturer: The plant can produce up to 7000-10000 cars per year. Adam Revo, Pakistan’s first automobile manufacturing industry having largest manufacturing facilities with an annual production capacity of 70,000 – 10,000 vehicles. The vehicles produced include cars, small vans, Pickups and Cargo vans. With proper management and effective marketing Adam Motor’s Revo can manufacture suffice to carter the demand and can hold more than 50% of Market Share. Low priced car. Adam Motor’s Revo biggest strength is its low price 70,000 to 85,000 cheaper  than Suzuki’s Mehran which makes this car highly affordable. With Government intervention this company can cater enough of the population. Excellence in installation of CNG kits Adam Motors have an enormous experience in the field of CNG/LPG. CNG kits installed in Adam Motors cars make it fuel efficient car with globally acclaimed CNG components installed. Impeccable increase in petrol prices is making implausible for middle class people to afford the overhauling cost of the car. Providing CNG kits will raise the bar for the industry to new greater heights. Weakness: Poor after sale service. After sales services is considered to be and integral part of customer services and a key determinant of customer satisfaction; while this may seem obvious but it’s not often done. Unfortunately, lack of emphasis on after sales services was observed, due to lack of resources and improper after sales services planning. Low Resale Value Revo was the Pakistan’s first car to make out to roads and had to face criticism. As a first company the quality of car and its parts used were not as good as it should have been which cause its unpopularity and its image had to taste dust therefore, when it comes to resale value the owner easily can lose 70,000 or more on selling. Pakistani buyers are cautious buyers who give the vehicle’s resale more importance. Competing in Pakistan only Growing up among some of the world’s biggest company like Honda, Suzuki, and Toyota is really hard job to do. With competitor having better resources, better research facilities and established brand name, it gets hard to compete. Low consumer awareness Since advertising and promotion directly relates to consumer awareness. One of the main reasons Revo didn’t survived was people weren’t aware of the  Revo. Advertising and promotion are useful factors in creating awareness among the consumer. Unfortunately Adam Motors didn’t indulge themselves in of the marketing. Lack of advanced technology. Advanced technology is competitive advantage. Unfortunately Adam Motors don’t posses modern technology which surely is Adam Motors biggest weakness. Adam Motors is competing with companies who posses advanced technology and have moved from traditional fuel cars to hybrid and electric cars. Unattractive structure. Revo looks was a major issue for buyer. It’s resembles to the three-wheeler china van. The shape of the car made it look quite ridiculous and unattractive. Poor material was been used in exterior and interior of the car. Adam Motor’s should have put more thought into the design and quality of the car. Opportunity: Capturing the market of low income people. Pakistan’s major part of population falls under category of middle class, lower middle class and lower class. To capture the people who have low purchasing power company must focus on the affordability of the product. Revo is cheap car even cheaper then Mehran. People with low income can easily afford this car and it’s overhauling expenses. People who have bikes and want a cheap spacious car to enjoy ride with their families can easily afford this fuel-efficient and cheap car. Enter in the market of 1300 cc cars. After getting its market share and reputation, Adam Revo can go for opportunity to capture market with 1300cc car and other models. As the only competitor in producing cheap 1300cc car is Suzuki who have been failed trying different variation in their 1300cc model cars. Large market size to operate. Demand of cheap cars in Pakistan is very high. There’s no second thought to it. Majority of Pakistan’s population belong to classes who can not afford luxurious cars and are interested in cheap, fuel- efficient cars. There is  big market for there car if they plan well and market there product efficiently they can target large market size. Economy of Pakistan. Growing local industry can ultimately benefit economy of Pakistan. Developing good reputation will induce other companies to make investment in Pakistan my doing joint venture production. Export Revo can also give benefit to Pakistan’s economy. Threats: Competitors (Pak Suzuki) Currently Pak Suzuki is largest car assembler and market leader in Pakistan automobile market. Pak Suzuki has more than 60% of the market share. Having effective after sales service and wide spread network of show rooms and EFI technology surely is Adam biggest competitor. Market perception. The perception of consumer of Adam’s Motors is that they provide cheap car with low quality. As long as Revo don’t take steps to induce people that there product are best use of their money, whatever car they come up with will not going to be accepted by the consumer. Load shedding of CNG in Pakistan. Load shedding of CNG is one of the big problems in Pakistan and company like Adam Motor who are totally dependent upon CNG as this is one of the main reason which makes this car overhauling expenses affordable. Sharp Increase in price of Raw Material. Increase in price of everything due to inflation is also a threat e. The cost raw material and labor have also increased which will result in expensive product making it unaffordable for consumer of low income. Ambiguity in political issue. In Pakistan the ambiguity in political issue is very high. Every now and then we get strangled by the strike conducted by different political parties making it very difficult for industry to match the quota. Sometimes even worker don’t come to work which increases the cost of production and delay in delivery. Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Offerings It offers Fuel-efficient highly affordable Chinese made engines car which are 10% to 15% cheaper than other local competitors. As demand of cheap cars is so high in Pakistan, providing cheap cars to consumer so could get their needs satisfied. Marketing: The key marketing objective of the company is to become the segment leader in 800 cc market It is the main concern to market the Adam’s Dreamer at an economical price, which would give a competitive edge. To duly anticipate in maintaining quality benchmark by maintaining the efficiency of automobile production unit by continuous research and development program, keeping in view the customer’s needs and a sound distribution system to attain the max of customer satisfaction. Adam Motor intention is to attain an increase in share of the urban population consisting of Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad as well as in rural areas of Pakistan in automobile industry. The duly purpose to attain this target by direct frontal assault on the market and to re-launch the brand on a higher scale to eliminate the resistance from small competitors and taking on competition directly. Personnel/Management Company strives for skilled entities who value time and quality as crucial assets. Finance Manufacturing Research and Development (R D) External Opportunities and Threats Consumer/Social: Today, companies recognize that they cannot appeal to each and every buyer in the market place The reason of this problem is that buyers are too numerous, too widely scattered and too much wearied in their needs and buying practices; therefore, to reach the right person who is definitely a potential customer of your product is very difficult. Competitive: For the newly launched automobile company it is very challenging to get even very small shares of the automobile market when the giants like TOYOTA, SUZUKI etc. are already capturing the major market. Paksitan’s first car Technological Competing with other Economic Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Known for his decisions which helps economy of the country to grow. Providing subsidy to industrial sector will definitely help industry like ADAM COMPANY to grow. This is an opportunity was the company to go for this opportunity. Legal/Regulatory Industry Analysis Competitor Analysis (Porter 5 Forces Model, Defense Strategy, Attack Strategy) Company Analysis Customer Analysis (Segmentation/Targeting) 5. Market-Product Focus Marketing and Product Objectives Target Markets The cars target audience was envisaged to be Pakistans middle class car buyer. The company had planned to export the car in the future to other countries as well. Points of Parity (POP), Points of Difference (POD) Positioning 6. Marketing Program Product Strategy/ Branding Strategy, BCG Matrix Price Strategy: The price of Adams Revo was low as compared with the competitors but the features of the car were not up to the standard of the competitors therefore to compete with the competitors it is essential for the company to change the price in order to change its design to get profits. The increase in price should be less than the competitors price in order to maintain the market reputation of having a low priced car. People were seen to be satisfied with the price of the car, however, the major reasons which caused the car to flop were the low quality, performance style as well as the lack of promotion, therefore it is required by the company to reposition its product and promote it. The repositioning of the product and the promotional advertisement will increase the cost of the car which may result in the increase of prices. The price offer by the company is almost 20% less than its major competitor Suzuki Mehran. The company can afford an increase in price to a level which is less than Mehran in order to reposition its product Promotion Strategy: For repositioning first we will redesign the promotion mix to inform customers about the attributes, features of the Adam’s Dreamer along with its emphasis on life style and technical expertise. Pull strategy will be used for the promotion to build up consumer demand. If the strategy is successful, customers will ask dealers for Dreamer and dealers will ask Adam’s Motors to produce more. Sales promotion is one of the ways to encourage sales of our new Adam’s Dreamer. The company can give discounts on conducting different car fairs or in the exhibitions. They can offer discounts sales to different car rental organizations or the transport departments of different companies, by doing this Dreamer can achieve road presence which can broaden the future sales of Adam’s Dreamer Place (Distribution Strategy): Our market segmentation reveals that The Company’s product Adam’s DREAMER is not for the superior class, that is, upper-upper but also not for the upper-lower class of the country. The Adams Dreamer is basically for the, upper-middle class, Middle class and lower-middle class of the country The smaller areas of the country are the major place for the middle class of society. In order to reach the every middle class consumer of the country the Adam’s DREAMER must be available in all the seller cities of each province. Therefore Adams Dreamer dealership must be in Hyderabad,Sukkar (SINDH) Sialkot, Multan (PUNJAB) Chaman (BALOCHISTAN) Gigot (KHYBER PAKHTUNKHUA) The semi-urban cities of the country are the major place for the lower-Middle  class of society. In order to reach the every lower class consumer of the country the Adam’s DREAMER must be available in all the small cities of each province. Therefore Adams Dreamer must be in Rohri SINDH Okara, Sahiwal, MianwaliPUNJAB Pasheen BALOCHISTAN Abottabad KHYBER PAKHTUNKHUA 7. Implementation Company has a nonexistent demand and Latent demand. As marketing and promotion of Adam Revo was never have attempted. They share a strong need for the product which is cheap and can satisfy there needs but due non marketing strategy people were unaware of the product which causes non existent demand. 8. Evaluation and Control As per the survey done by the general public, the evaluation result was in favor of re-launching the car but there were few amendment needed to be made, for example the interior part and as well as engine including the suspension of the car.

The Importance Of Being Earnest Religion Essay

The Importance Of Being Earnest Religion Essay These are the folks that always know what new natural disaster has just struck, what local businesses are about to go bankrupt, whose marriages are on the rocks. How could we survive life without these wrong-side-of-the-bedders? How could we get around without the black clouds and gloomy forecasts. Without wrong-side-of-the-bedders, we would never fully appreciate how miserable life really is. The book of Revelation is often perceived as sharing that same sort of bleak perspective a wrong-side-of-the-bed vision foretelling pestilence, punishment, famine, death, destruction. But the Revelation of Jesus to John is not a narrowed down version of despair, a nerve-racking vision of wrath. Here in todays text we are given celestial glimpses of glory. What might it be like to enlist in Gods reign and exist in Gods peace? The divisiveness of nationality, the prejudices of particularity, are forgotten as all peoples forge forward to praise God. There is one congregation, one church, and it joins all its separate voices together in a sonorous harmony of glorifying God. John saw this as the church of the future. John also saw this as our template for bringing the church to life in our own time. Instead of being just another organization lobbying for what it deems important, the church is challenged by this vision in Revelation to itself become an earnest of paradise. Now theres a word for you: earnest. Its not a word used much in church nowadays, although it is a familiar one in Scripture (Psalm 86:17; Romans 8:23; Ephesians 1:14, etc). But it may be a word that the church needs to proclaim. For our text calls the church to be what in biblical language is an earnest of the eschaton. In the Hebrew the concept is conveyed by the word Shamayim, which literally means a foretaste of heaven. If you have ever had an encounter with the Spirit, if you are alive and aglow with life, you know the meaning of Shamayim, or earnest. In Greek the word for earnest is arrabon, a legal term denoting a deposit made that renders the contract binding. An earnest is a promise, a pledge, a foretaste, an embodied symbol of something which is to come in its fullness later. When a young couple plants a spindly little oak sapling smack in the middle of their new backyard, it is an earnest of the future they envision in that space. Someday the tree will grow to shade their yard with an enormous umbrella of green. Its sturdy branches will hold the tire swings and treehouse platforms of the children yet to be born. It will carpet the ground with its brilliant fall foliage and feed a legion of squirrels with its annual crop of acorns. It might not look like much when planted, but the few spindly limbs of that sapling oak bear the weight of a tremendous earnest. Although the ultimate earnest is the Holy Spirit (2 Corinthinans1:22; 5:5; Ephesians 1:14), as Spirit-empowered people we are each called to act as earnests of the ultimate triumph we know Christs salvation has in store for all creation. On the day of salvation, todays Revelation text proclaims, all believers will loudly praise Gods blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might (7:12). Are you an earnest, a leaven of heaven? Does your life attest to the presence of these divine gifts to the world? When others listen to you speak, watch you work, see your home, do they experience that encounter as an earnest of Christs victory, of Gods redeeming love for the world. We are all earnests, we who are part of the body of Christ. Is our church an earnest of the future human conduits of the divine light offering others little glimpses of the brilliance, the glory, that awaits redeemed creation? Is our role in this community a leaven of heaven? Missionary/physician/musician/historical theologian Dr. Albert Schweitzer gave his life to serve the needs of those who lived in the African jungle. He was to the first half of the 20th century what Mother Teresa was to the second half. He gave one of the best definitions of ethics Ive ever seen, and lived what he defined: Let me give you a definition of ethics: It is good to maintain life and further life; it is bad to damage and destroy life Ethics is the maintaining of life at the highest point of development my own life and other life by devoting myself to it in help and love, and both these things are connected. (Reverence for Life [New York: Philosophical Library, 1965], 34-35.) Schweitzer allegedly hung a lamp in front of his hospital that shone brilliantly throughout the jungle darkness for a wide area. The light became a beacon of hope and healing for the areas sick and dying. He is said to have hung under the lamp this sign: At whatever hour you come, you will find light, and hope and human kindness. * Both the sign and the lamp were earnests of Schweitzers ministry. Is there a lamp for your church that says to the world, Come by Here. For Here is a Leaven of Heaven? Schweitzer practiced his earnestness with full knowledge of the worlds cruel ways, and a clear vision of human frailty and sin. Nonetheless, Schweitzer maintained his focus on eternity, and leavened heaven with every fiber of his being. To the question of whether I am a pessimist or an optimist, I answer that my knowledge is pessimistic, but my willing and hoping are optimistic. I am pessimistic in that I experience in its full weight what we conceive to be the absence of purpose in the course of world happenings. Only at quite rare moments have I felt really glad to be alive. I could not but feel with a sympathy full of regret all the pain that I saw around me, not only that of men but that of the whole creation. From this community of suffering I have never tried to withdraw myself. It seemed to me a matter of course that we should all take our share of the burden of pain which lies upon the world (Albert Schweitzer, Out of My Life and Thought [New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1933], 279). Albert Schweitzers remarkable life and witness touched me as a child growing up until he became in my life an earnest of the person I wanted to become. Schweitzer was able to offer me and others a leaven of heaven in each of the three types of needs outlined in todays text. Though portraying an eternal future, this mornings text focuses on the three most basic human needs of our frail and mortal present. Physical Needs The vision from Revelation promises that when believers are gathered around God enthroned they will hunger no more, and thirst no more (v.16). In other words, we will be delivered from physical needs. As a physician, caring for the bodies of those who caught sight of the jungle clinics light came naturally. But each of us is capable of providing some measure of sheer physical comfort to those whose physical needs are consuming all their energy and hope. Welfare reforms have made the churchs role as a social service agency even more vital. Its hard to work on an empty stomach; its hard to learn when youre cold and tired; its hard to play when youre weak and malnourished. Spiritual Needs Jesus vision to John revealed that divine deliverance involves more than just filling up stomachs and banishing body aches. There are other aches that have no neurological cause. There are pains suffered by a parched soul. Without addressing the spiritual needs of the human condition, one finds there is no true earnest of salvation present. Saving the body is not enough, for it will fail to thrive unless the spirit is nourished and nurtured by a community of faith. In our Revelation text the enthroned Lamb offers believers springs of the water of life as . . . sustenance for an eternal soul. Earnest upwellings of this same spring are already available from our own faith community. Emotional Needs As frail and failing human beings, however, we find our emotional needs are perhaps the most difficult to satisfy, and are even more demanding when denied. Without emotional strength and suppleness, even the strongest body will fail, even the surest spirit will falter. When our body labors, it needs a quiet center, a sense of emotional ease, in order to bear the physical hardship. Our spirit can soar only if it knows there is a safe and secure emotional scaffolding resting under its flight path. One of the most tragic figures in biblical history is Israels first chosen king, Saul. Although he was a great and strong warrior and commanded the 12 tribes of the new nation, although he experienced the exalted presence of Gods Spirit, Sauls body and soul had a fatal weakness. Although he enjoyed physical and spiritual triumphs, Sauls own emotional melancholia destroyed his faith, his vision, his purpose, his will. In todays Revelation text God meets our emotional needs in two ways. The text promises God will wipe away every tear suggesting that the emotionally honest and cleansing tears will first be allowed to flow, but that these tears will then be dried by Gods own tender hand. As an earnest of this quality of emotional care, we, too, must not be afraid to show the same depth of feeling and to let others do the same. In response to a genuine outpouring of emotion, an earnest of the coming age does not judge, but offers what is needed to dry a cheek, to hold a hand, to show empathy. In a creative writing class, a young teenage girl wrote this short poem: Dont criticize. Dont analyze. Dont even try to sympathize. Dont say you understand because you dont. Just hold me in your arms for once. And love me as I am. Like my mommy used to do before the world grew up on me. (John Fischer, In Praise of the Unrenowned, CCM Magazine, October 1997, 84.) Will this church hold the world in its arms and love it, as an earnest of Gods holding the whole world in the arms of the Almighty and loving it? Will you be a leaven of heaven in your family, your community, your world? Tracking the Sheep John 10:22-30 | 4/29/2007 We live in a changing new world of computer-raised sheep, but theres still just one Shepherd to follow. In Psalm 23, the shepherd leads the sheep beside cool waters. In century 21, the shepherd weighs the sheep beside cool waters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ while he sits behind a laptop miles away. We are used to the rogue image of the Bedouin shepherd crook in hand, flowing robes, Middle Eastern head-covering. We remember a young David, tending his fathers flocks alone in the cold, battling lions and bears, engaging the God of creation in songs and poems that he would later pen into psalms. Now consider todays e-shepherd Bluetooth headset in ear, Blackberry PDA attached to belt, Venti Mocha perched desktop alongside GPS receiver. He sits remote from his flock in a warm ranch house, a crook exchanged for a mouse, perhaps playing a game of Internet Spades while still on the clock. That may be the appropriate picture in New South Wales, Australia, where cutting-edge technologies are being applied to an age-old industry. Ranchers attach tiny GPS transponders to the ears of baby lambs, and as these sheep grow up, they can be watched from a computer monitor. Throughout the day, sheep move freely from grazing areas to drinking areas to sleeping areas. Each channel between areas is wide enough for only one sheep to pass at a time, and as they pass between fenced-in zones, their transponders alert the shepherd where they are going and when. We can keep tabs on a single sheep from the time it is a little lamb to the time that it becomes lamb chops, says Bill Murray, spokesperson for the Australian Sheep Industry. However, the main advantage is in sheep handling, because the transponders allow the sheep to make their own decisions, without being hassled by people or dogs. In such a hyper-individualized world, why not extend the power of choice to flocks as well? With these e-sheep, its all up to ewe. But allowing free-range grazing isnt about having self-actualized herds. Its about having unhassled, unhurried, tenderized ones. Apparently, sheep autonomy equals appetite appeal. Beyond tastier flocks, e-shepherds also have well-organized flocks. Remotely controlled gates determine which grazing and drinking areas sheep are channeled into and for how long they remain there. Electronic scales are placed within each passageway so that every time a flock is shepherded from one area to another, each sheep can be weighed as it passes by. As a fully grown sheep passes through, a side gate opens sending it into a yard for those animals headed to market. As a pregnant ewe near birth weight passes through, a gate opens to send her to a prenatal area. In the future, animals due for vaccination will be given remote shots as they pass by and diseased animals can be detected and quarantined for medical treatment. All from a distance. All without human contact. All electronically. If David had controlled his flocks in e-shepherd fashion, he might have blogged the Psalms, text messaged Jonathon, and sent a fatal hard-drive virus to Goliath. So the lesson from e-sheep is this: 21st-century techno-culture metaphors are light years away from biblical, agrarian culture metaphors. Noting this, consider John 10:22-30. Jesus, the Good Shepherd, is so not like the impersonal techno-shepherd. Here, as elsewhere in the gospels, Jesus uses a metaphor his audience will understand: Hes the shepherd, and his followers are the sheep. So to understand what Jesus wants our contemporary audiences to understand, we must culturally unpack and translate what this sheep imagery means. Begin with our non-agrarian understandings of sheep. They arent bright animals. Theres no parlor game question that ever asks: Which is the smartest animal? The horse, the pig, the sheep, the dog, the cat? Wont happen. Sheep sleep and eat in the same fields in which they defecate and urinate. They blindly follow each other around with an unimaginative herd mentality. They need to be constantly provided for and protected so they dont starve to death or become wolf-lunch. So is this the way that Jesus wants us to see ourselves? Maybe yes, maybe no. What is clear is that sheep are needy. They not only need a shepherd, they need a good shepherd. Good ones take their job seriously. Good ones take care of the sheep. They protect and defend the sheep. They lead the sheep to still waters and green pastures. They lay down their lives for the sheep. They look for lost sheep. In Jesus day, shepherds didnt have the fiscal means to own sheep, thus many were mercenary care givers hired to live and sleep with the herds. Many were 8-12-year-old boys in the family business, out in a field because few opportunities existed for them. In our Western career caste system, shepherds wouldnt be white-collar or blue-collar theyd be no-collar. Is Jesus this kind of shepherd? Obviously not. Scholar Mary Schertz notes that in this text its not like every ovine analogy carries meaning for us or that sheep are commended as models for imitation. Sheep in the fullness of their animal existence are neither a good model for Christian life nor any other kind of human life. Instead, what does this short passage ask our e-shepherd culture to understand about the Good Shepherd and his relationship with the sheep who follow him? The Shepherd. John emphasizes two elements of setting. The time is the festival of Dedication, or Hanukkah (v. 22) the Jewish celebration of the rededication of the Temple after Antiochus desecrated it while trying to force Greek religion and philosophy upon them. The place is the portico of Solomon (v. 23) the only remaining relic of Solomons sacred temple which still stood, and the place where the Jewish king would make judgments and exercise justice. So a controversial rabbi is teaching radical ideas and taking controversial theological positions at a time when Jewish culture in the presence of the Roman occupation, and the traditions and history of Jewish religious milieu are being honored and glorified. And Jesus is doing this in the very place where Gods kings had always spoken to Gods people. The Jews question and request (v. 24) are therefore painfully rhetorical. How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Messiah, tell us plainly. Theres no suspense. They know exactly what he is saying because of when and where he is saying it. Who does this Shepherd claim to be? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone who works in the Fathers name. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone whose sheep hear his voice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone who knows the sheep. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone whose sheep follow him. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone who gives to his followers eternal life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone who defends his sheep, because no one will snatch them out of my hand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Someone who is one with the Father. In Simply Christian, scholar N.T. Wright notes that human yearning for things like justice, relationships and beauty are echoes of a voice. On the deeper spiritual level, these universal desires are pointing both to their Author and to their Fulfiller. While these hopes can be met incompletely through what the world offers, they are only met perfectly and completely through Jesus as Savior, the Good Shepherd of the sheep. Jesus is no e-shepherd who engages his sheep remotely. The Shepherd maintains intimacy and proximity in order to meet the needs of his sheep. He is at least within voice-distance (v. 27). Jesus is a hands-on, high-touch Shepherd. The Sheep. Jesus speaks of his sheep in front of an audience who does not fit that category: You do not believe, because you do not belong to my sheep (v. 26). Not everyone is a sheep of this Shepherd a difficult and sobering reality. The Shepherd does not crook-beat people into following him. He allows for some goats instead of all sheep. But those who are Christ followers are described this way: My sheep hear my voice (v. 27). For intrigued sheep then or now, a natural question emerges from this text. How do we hear our Shepherds voice? Is it like Moses who heard from God audibly at Sinai? Is it like Elijah who heard the sound of sheer silence as God spoke? Or is it like pastor and author Rob Bell describing his call to preaching: I heard a voice not an audible, loud, human kind of voice but inner words spoken somewhere in my soul that were very clear and very concise. What I heard was Teach this book, and I will take care of everything else.' Dont we all long for a voice like those three experienced? Notice, though, that Jesus describes voice-hearing in two different ways: I know them, and they follow me (v. 27). When Jesus knows his sheep he does so eternally (v. 28), and they are offered the Shepherds protection and security. But this security is not earthly. Sheep may lose their life, their financial comfort and their social acceptance because of their faith. Yet those who have heard the saving call of God and responded can never lose their souls and relationship with the Shepherd. Some of you pastor-theologians might want to amend that sentence so it reads like this: Yet those who have heard and are hearing the saving call of God and who have responded and are responding can never lose their souls and relationship with the Shepherd. In any event, hearing his voice includes being known by the Shepherd. [NOTE: The question that needs to be addressed is, How does one know, or hear, the voice of the Shepherd, so that we can be obedient and follow? See another Homiletics installment (based on this text), available online at www.HomileticsOnline.com, Jesus IS Ovine-Lingual. There the following observation is made: Yet, sometimes the problem is not that we, the sheep of his pasture, do not recognize the voice of the Shepherd. Rather, we recognize it and refuse to listen. Or we listen selectively.] In biblical times, shepherds had shrill yells that would resound through the wadis and across the hills where their sheep grazed. The Shepherds voice was firm, clear, loud and there was no mistaking it. It told the sheep, I am your shepherd. I know the best path. Follow me. When is the last time we have sensed God leading us to still waters and green pastures? When have we been asked to follow Jesus even when it is costly? Sheep regularly hear from their shepherd, they trust his voice and they follow. Jesus doesnt fit the shepherd stereotype and its probably fair to say that we arent the brainless herd animals that we assume sheep to be. But the biblical metaphor is still timeless and rich, ultimately giving us a picture of relationship, protection and provision, allowing us to hear a clear voice that bids us follow toward soul-satisfaction.

Essay --

The play â€Å"An Enemy of the People† focuses on the truth and how different characters expose their outlook about it. Each of the characters are enthused by diverse things, so intern, they act in certain ways. Consequently, they end up in battles due to their differing opinions about the truth of the water. For example, Mayor Peter Stockmann acts in more aggressive way, because he’s motivated financially. Doctor Thomas Stockmann attempts to uncover the truth because of his worry of the public’s well-being and because he trusts that he’s doing the correct thing. Katherine supports Doctor Stockmann because she’s inspired by family and faithfulness towards her husband. Hovstad, a political radical, yet very corrupt as he enjoys stirring up drama as long as he isn’t directly involved. Everyone’s motivated by different things that are important to them, whether they are right or wrong they’re persistent in their beliefs. Mayor Stockmann had to disregard the reality because of money. Cash played a big role which moved Peter Stockmann to neglect the condition of the Baths therefore ending up in a battle with his brother Doctor Stockmann. Ever since the town added it, much income from the Baths, the Mayor didn’t want to uncover the truth to the public. Mayor Stockmann made the remark. â€Å"Of course it will be necessary to raise a municipal loan† (Ibsen 55), this proves that he’s being covetous and implying that at times, its most appropriate to hide the truth because individuals will get annoyed and attempt to repair the problem. Nonetheless, fixing the issue will take much finance and the Mayor’s awfully worried about money and reputation. He refused to put time and money in fixing the pipelines in the Baths so he chose to hide the truth and ... ...Stockmann, Doctor. Thomas Stockmann, Katherine and Hovstad all trust that what they’re doing is right and they feel that they must defend their ideas. Sadly to say, but Mayor Stockmann’s motivation is solely based upon money, Dr. Thomas Stockmann’s inspiration is morally the truth, Katherine is worried about the protection of the family, and Hovstad, just want to play both sides of the fences, because he is scared to be in the minority and afraid of the Mayor. These inspirations help each person to advance and form their character and disposition as the play continues. I feel that, it was very interesting to see how people will act in order to make themselves look good to the crowd. Even if it is the truth, and there is one person standing for truth and one hundred standing for a lie, people will sacrifice and be happy to be with the lie, because it is more people.

My personal experience Essay

This story is from my personal experience where I was involved directly with the central character in this story. This story is about a little girl who had lot of aspirations in life and wanted to make a mark in this world. Though the name doesn’t matter but for the matter of convenience, let us call her Mary. Mary’s only fault, if it was, was getting born to parents who could only afford her education by skipping one meal in a day. Mary was above average and hence scored well in her kindergarten levels. The problem started when she was promoted to 1st standard where the level of difficulty increased for her. Her parents who could not read or write were of little help. In the daily grind of earning, when they could hardly afford the meals and her education, getting a tutor for her was a distant dream. This made the little bud sink as she always wanted to be the best and was ready to work hard as well but the conditions at home and school prevented her from unlocking her potential. On one side while her parents had their own rut to handle, her school teacher was not any considerate. She would hardly teach in the class and yet expect her students to perform the best. Well, her prestige was at stake. Any weak student in the class was a pain for her and she wanted to devise ways and means to expel the student who was not able to score. The first trimester results were declared and as expected Mary flunked in most of the subjects. She was not the worst but she was not above average any more. Mary’s teacher was infuriated with the results of the class, which was not as she wanted. She felt a necessity to teach last 10 rankers a lesson. What else could be better method than to physically torture the tiny tender kids, so that they never forget the lesson the learned teacher was trying to hammer on them. In no time, last 10 rankers were asked to stand outside in the sun which was blazing at the peak summer noon. No prizes for guessing that our Mary was also asked to stand in the scorching heat. The summer sun was too harsh for the slender frame of Mary who could not sustain and passed out on the ground. She was immediately rushed in the shade and nursed. This incidence further aggravated teacher’s indignation. It was difficult for her to believe that kids of Mary’s age can not sustain such punishments. She considered Mary to be faking the whole situation. Teacher remembered the incidence and sought to vindicate it at the right opportunity. It did not take much time for the right opportunity to come in. The Semester exams were going on. Mary was trying her best to prepare for the difficult subjects. Her parents had asked me to take few classes for her as a favor. I agreed and started coaching Mary on the subjects. She was having good grasping power and unique ability to apply the knowledge as soon as acquired. Hence, my effort was quite less in teaching her and the output was beyond my expectation. I started liking to teach her. Mary was working very hard to make up the grades. She was doing well in her exams, she used to tell me. On the day of her last exam, Mary was quietly writing her paper. The paper was easy for her as she was well prepared. The teacher, as vindictive she was, was watching for a slight error from Mary so that she could throw her out of the exam hall. To Mary’s misfortune, the moment arrived. A quick gust of wind flew Mary’s question paper to her fellow students’ desk. As Mary went on to pick her question paper, she was confronted & slapped hard by her teacher who left no stone un-turned in proving that she was cheating. Mary cried, cried and cried but it all went on deaf ears. Fortunately, for Mary, the principal of the school was passing by. She stopped and asked the reason for the commotion. Thankfully, the principal believed Mary and allowed her to complete her exams. This was the last straw for the class teacher to consider Mary her sworn enemy. To rub salt on her wounds, Mary’s result was just excellent in the semester exams. She had topped, though over all she was 3rd ranker but still there were six months to go and Mary hoped that she would be able to regain her original position. And then the fateful day arrived. It was one week, since the school opened and Mary was quite excited to learn the subjects further. She was quick to answer the questions asked in the class and was doing very well. Finally, on that day, the teacher got into an ego clash and asked Mary to explain something which was way beyond Mary’s scope of learning. The teacher, infuriated, threw the duster with full force towards Mary which unfortunately hit Mary directly at her temple. Immediate brain hemorrhage followed resulting in on-the-spot loss of a life which was definitely not meant to be going this way. The teacher was tried in the court but she was released due to lack of evidence and on the ground of accidental but not intended hit. Life is going on usual for me or anyone else in the world, but definitely its’ no more a fair world for me!

Marketing Plan Skylarknet a Wireless Essay

Wireless mesh networking is the latest tech in this field. Internet pro Wireless networks provide unprecedented freedom and mobility for a growing number of laptop and PDA users who no longer need wires to stay connected with their workplace and the Internet. Ironically, the very devices that provide wireless service to these clients need lots of wiring themselves to connect to private networks and the Internet. This wiring is expensive to install and change, and deployment must be carefully planned and timed to minimize disruption to normal business operations. Permits or permissions may be required, and then there are the laborious tasks of pulling, terminating and testing the copper wiring or fiber optic cabling. With all the work involved, it should not be surprising that wiring can be the most expensive part of a â€Å"wireless† network! Indeed, the many obstacles associated with wiring are now preventing or delaying the deployment of wireless applications that could deliver a real competitive advantage or a high return on investment—or both. This marketing plan provides an overview of implementing Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) service for the first time in the suburban areas of Bangladesh. Wireless Mesh Network is an exciting new technology which has tremendous potential especially for a developing country like Bangladesh. Quite a few African countries are already benefiting from this novel technology. Supported by the growing buying power, a number of desktop and laptop users in the suburban areas of Bangladesh are badly in need of high quality internet service. In the world of internet the best suitable option stands for the suburban areas is the wireless technology. We plan to act as a service and equipment provider for the local ISP dealers and some institutional market such as university campus, NGO, hospitals and nursing home etc. As we are the pioneer of this new technology we conducted an insightful analysis of the competitor’s position and their offerings. The marketing plan starts with the situational analysis of the current market. External and internal factor analysis (SWOT analysis) provides a clear picture of current scenario. Grameen Phone, Qubee, Banglalion, ZoomUltra are our main competitors. But the cost of their offering is much higher than ours. Because there lies a higher establishment cost. Eliminating wires dramatically reduces the implementation costs, and substantially simplifies on-going operations. Without wires, the network becomes far more adaptable and flexible. That’s why we focus on the cost effectiveness and performance of the WMN service. We identify our company as a market challenger and set some strategies suitable for the challengers. Some pilot projects are planned to create the awareness among target customers. Based on these projects success further promotional and pricing strategies are set. In the later part of the report the feasibility of this marketing plan is justified by the financial analysis. Expense and sales are forecasted for the next three years followed by a break-even analysis. Overall monitoring and contingency plan (in the case of failure) completes the total planning for our company. Introduction In this world of modern technology, most people prefer not to connect computers with Ethernet cables because excessive cables scattered throughout their office or home is unsightly. One can choose to install a wireless network to avoid excessive cabling. For a wireless network, there is no need to use Ethernet cables to connect your computers to the DSL or router. Moreover, WLANs are available anywhere in the world at an affordable cost. In the suburban and rural areas Wireless tech suits best. Wireless mesh networking is the newest tech in wireless field. Our objective is to identify the potential suburban customers of Bangladesh who can afford a cost-effective internet service. Origin of the Study This report has been prepared a requirement to fulfill the course. This report evaluates the business opportunity of latest wireless mesh network technology in the suburban areas of Bangladesh from service provider point of view. Objective of the Study The primary objective of this report is to fulfill the course requirement of â€Å"Marketing Management†. The secondary objective is to describe a detail marketing plan for a new technology. Limitation of the Study There is no authentic statistics about the potential number of internet users in the suburban areas of Bangladesh. As this is a new technology, the costs of the equipments vary depending on the different manufacturers. We are making a new entry, so the estimation of potential market is based on the secondary data of other existing competitors rather than the primary data. Sales and expense is forecasted on the discretion of our part that may vary widely in real case implementation. Unavailability of previous year’s financial report necessitates greater recourse to mere guessing in some cases. Situational Analysis What is WMN (Wireless Mesh Network)? Mesh networks represent an emerging wireless networking technology that promises wider coverage than traditional wireless LANs and lower deployment and operation costs than 3G cellular networks. For these reasons, network operators and service providers consider mesh networking to be a serious candidate to solve the so called last mile problem. Some network operators worldwide have already started to deploy mesh based access networks offering nearly ubiquitous and inexpensive wireless Internet connections to their customers. Examples are Ozone’s mesh network in Paris (www. zone. net/en/) and The Cloud in the City of London (www. thecloud. net). The real business potential lies in operator based mesh networks. By their systematic design, deployment, and maintenance, operator based mesh networks provide higher levels of Quality-of-Service (QoS), meaning larger coverage, higher speed, and more reliable operation. In addition, it can be argued that mesh network operators in a give n geographical area will cooperate in order to further optimize their costs and increase the QoS provided by their networks. The form of the cooperation can range from traditional roaming agreements to joint provision of specific services. Figure 1: Wireless Mesh Network Strategic planning is important because in well-run companies the goal from the very top of the organization down to where one is working should form a more-or-less unbroken chain (or â€Å"hierarchy†) of goals. At the top of the company the president and his or her staff set strategic goals. These goals should flow from top and make sense in terms of the goals at the next level up. Then the vice presidents’ subordinates set their own goals, and so on down the line. In this way, management creates a hierarchy or chain of departmental goals, from the top down the lowest-ranked managers, and even employees. Then , if everyone does his or her job-if each salesperson sells his her quota, and the sales manager hires enough good salespeople, and the HR manager creates the right incentive plan, and the purchasing head buysand CEO should also accomplish the overall, company-wide strategic goals. One could therefore say with great certainty that without a clear plan at the top, no one in the company would have the foggiest notion of what to do. Wireless Internet Market in Bangladesh Wireless Internet Service was first introduced to Bangladesh in public by cell phone giant Grameen Phone. Then other GSM mobile phone operators like Banglalink, Aktel and Warid follow suit. Citycell, the only CDMA based mobile phone operator in Bangladesh introduced the Zoom internet service, which was a little different from the other mobile phone operators in that consumers could connect to internet by using a USB modem included in the Zoom package. Later on Grameen Phone also introduced a package where they include an USB modem.

Free Essays on Acheiving Goals

A goal as defined in Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary is â€Å"a strong desire to achieve something†. When I first heard of University of Phoenix, I was extremely excited to pursue my ultimate goal in life, to obtain a bachelor’s degree in a small amount of time. The pop up message from University of Phoenix stating â€Å"turn your goal into achievements †¦ isn’t it time you achieve the success you deserve?† encouraged me to contact the Phoenix counselor. When I first spoke to the counselor, I was overwhelmed by the information given to me. Attending a prestigious school such as the University of Phoenix will allow me to accomplish my goals at a pace that fits my busy schedule. University of phoenix enables its students to acquire knowledge, think critically, communicate clearly, and lead effectively so they may enjoy fulfilling lives and successful careers. A challenging and caring institutional environment encourages and supports studen ts as they recognize and develop their potential. An extremely distinguished faculty, a milieu replete with academic activity, and an excellent online business management program which blends high quality course work and research facilities at the cutting edge of every sub-field are the factors which have motivated me to choose Phoenix University as my choice for Bachelors studies. I believe the program offered will help me acquire the versatility needed to reach my full potential. Due to the practical curriculum offered by the University of Phoenix, I am able to work full-time, maintain a social and professional life without conflicting my personal life, and study at the same time. By managing my time efficiently, I can complete my Bachelor’s in Business from University of Phoenix and then pursue my goals for a better career and eventually a better life. Also, I am hoping that as a University of Phoenix student, I will learn to manage my time wisely. Juggling work and school is no piec... Free Essays on Acheiving Goals Free Essays on Acheiving Goals A goal as defined in Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary is â€Å"a strong desire to achieve something†. When I first heard of University of Phoenix, I was extremely excited to pursue my ultimate goal in life, to obtain a bachelor’s degree in a small amount of time. The pop up message from University of Phoenix stating â€Å"turn your goal into achievements †¦ isn’t it time you achieve the success you deserve?† encouraged me to contact the Phoenix counselor. When I first spoke to the counselor, I was overwhelmed by the information given to me. Attending a prestigious school such as the University of Phoenix will allow me to accomplish my goals at a pace that fits my busy schedule. University of phoenix enables its students to acquire knowledge, think critically, communicate clearly, and lead effectively so they may enjoy fulfilling lives and successful careers. A challenging and caring institutional environment encourages and supports studen ts as they recognize and develop their potential. An extremely distinguished faculty, a milieu replete with academic activity, and an excellent online business management program which blends high quality course work and research facilities at the cutting edge of every sub-field are the factors which have motivated me to choose Phoenix University as my choice for Bachelors studies. I believe the program offered will help me acquire the versatility needed to reach my full potential. Due to the practical curriculum offered by the University of Phoenix, I am able to work full-time, maintain a social and professional life without conflicting my personal life, and study at the same time. By managing my time efficiently, I can complete my Bachelor’s in Business from University of Phoenix and then pursue my goals for a better career and eventually a better life. Also, I am hoping that as a University of Phoenix student, I will learn to manage my time wisely. Juggling work and school is no piec...

Should A Woman Get an Abortion for Any Reason Essays

Should A Woman Get an Abortion for Any Reason Essays Should A Woman Get an Abortion for Any Reason Essay Should A Woman Get an Abortion for Any Reason Essay Abstract While the subject of abortion has been a topic of the public and policy makers debates in the US, a comprehension of the reasons for women seeking an abortion has been widely missed from the proper discussion. The topic of abortion has faced various critics from social, political and economic level. Different women take abortion for various reasons, though this being considered as a social evil and should be condemned by every person in the society. The religious leaders, as well as the policy makers, have their antagonistic suggestion which clearly does not match. It is important to look at the level of this matter since the rate of abortion has been the increase in the past few decades, and it has also affected most of the teen girls. Introduction Once pregnant a person can decide either to abort the child, put up the child for adoption or decides to parent the child. Abortion is a medical procedure used to terminate a pregnancy before the fetus is viable (Giubilini Minerva, 2012). It can also be viewed as when a pregnancy is terminated so that it does not result in the birth of a child. In the United States, about 1.3 million women undergo abortions yearly in 1985 and 1987 a study was conducted on 500 women in Kansas who gave their various reasons for wanting to undergo an abortion. These reasons were the lack of adequate and sufficient financial resources, the absence of a spouse and unpreparedness of taking the responsibility of parenting. Hypothesis Women are more likely to be torn apart from the question of abortion than men. The question of morality is possible to the biggest hold-back for women who would like to choose abortion. Methods Information for this review was drawn from standard quantitative and subjective information from the Turn Away Study, a progressing, five-year, longitudinal analysis assessing the health as well as social-economic results of getting or being denied abortion in the US. The review has perused women for over two consecutive years; it depends on the pattern information which was gathered from 2013 through the end of 2014. This sample comprised of 953 women from 30 premature birth amenities over the US who acted on two open questions on their motives of terminating their pregnancy a week after seeking the abortion. Results Reasons given by women for seeking the abortion were categorized into 11 broad subjects. The overwhelming topics recognized as purposes behind looking for premature birth included monetary reasons (40%), timing (35%), couples associated ideas as well as the essence of focusing on the rest of the children (29%). Most ladies reported various purposes behind looking for a premature birth traverse a few subjects (64%). Utilizing blended impacts multivariate strategic relapse examinations, we distinguished the social and statistic indicators of the standard topics ladies gave for looking for a fetus removal. Conclusions Findings from the study show that the reason behind women seeking abortion are mind boggling and interrelated, like those found in past reviews. Whereas a few ladies expressed just a single variable that added to their craving to end their pregnancies, others indicated a horde of components that, in total, brought about their looking for fetus removal. As showed by the distinctions we saw among ladies reasons by individual qualities; women look for abortion for reasons identified with their conditions together with their age, financial status, parity, health, and marital status. It is vital that policymakers should take into account womens enthusiasms for considering to do an abortion, as choices to support or contradict such enactment could affect their life, social-economic results as well as the life directions of ladies confronting unwanted pregnancies. Reasons for Abortion The main reasons why a pregnant woman may choose to undergo an abortion can be financial instability, for example, the woman might still be in school or is employed earning only enough money that can sustain her and her lifestyle (Giubilini, Minerva, 2012). It may be quite difficult to handle the high costs of a pregnancy these costs can increase if the pregnant woman has no health insurance. Studies and research conducted by Angela White a breastfeeding counselor revealed that the expense of an average hospital birth for pregnant women is approximate $8,000 and prenatal care provided by a doctor can cost about $1,500 and $3,000. This figures plus the cost of raising and schooling a child makes one think twice before deciding to parent a child especially if you are someone without adequate finances (White, 2009). Some women who get pregnant at a young age and are unmarried fear how their parent and the society mainly their peers will perceive them and eventually choose to undergo the abortion procedure. A pregnant woman with birth defects in the family may decide to undergo an abortion to avoid passing on the defect to the unborn child. Amniocentesis is a method of detecting a variety of chromosome abnormalities, genetic disorders, and neural tube defects. This method has an accuracy of 99.4%. This procedure is performed between 14 and 20 weeks; it can be helpful to couples in deciding if the pregnancy should be terminated in cases of defect (Giubilini, Minerva, 2012). Medical reasons cause about 6% of all annual abortions for example in a case where a woman may have multiple pregnancy or quintuplets most, or all the fetuses will develop various long-term health problems. In this case, the doctor may recommend a selective reduction, these is where one or more fetuses are killed in so that the other fetuses can survive can be born normal (Carlson, Eisenstat Ziporyn, 2004). In about 10,000 to 15000 abortions, 1% was undergone because the pregnancy may have come about as a result of rape and the woman may not want to birth a child who was conceived in violence.

Spanglish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Spanglish - Essay Example For example, Spanglish might sound like "Vamos a la store para comprar milk" to mean "Lets go to the store to buy milk." A bit more complicated form is the making up of words, or basically switching between languages within a word, by translating a word or phrase literally. The most amusing form of Spanglish is when an English word is Hispanicized (e.g., â€Å"troca† or â€Å"troque† for truck). In all cases, the resulting language or product does not bear the generally acceptable correctness of grammar rules and word usage. The proliferation of a hybrid street language like the Spanglish in dominantly English-speaking United States poses a serious threat not only to the socio-cultural aspect of the country’s development, but also to its economic and political growth. Why is Spanglish a threat to the overall development of the U.S.? Foremost, the language of politics and commerce is English. In a highly globalized economy of nations, there is only one language used: English. It is in no way, therefore, that a mangled and prostituted English in the form of Spanglish can help facilitate the nation’s coping up and rising above the challenges brought about by globalization. Secondly, it is culturally unwell for any nation, much less the U.S., to uphold and encourage the proliferation of â€Å"languages† like Spanglish as doing so would show the people and the world as a whole a lack of healthy cultural identity. Many groups and academicians tag it as an appalling mutilation of the Spanish and English languages, and is an obvious indication of laziness or inability to learn the language properly. These lead to the conclusion that Spanglish is a language of the incompetent and uneducated people, and as thus, is nothing but a hip or a trend totally useless in the mainstream world. Spanglish, given the limits and its lack of clear-cut rules of word usage and grammatical composition, is definitely not even a

Motivating Hong Kong students in writing English text Essay

Motivating Hong Kong students in writing English text - Essay Example But while the importance of English is recognized in Hong Kong, some students display a marked reluctance to learn English. There may be several reasons underlying this disinclination to learn to speak and write good English. Some of these are a generally low level of proficiency in English or that these students find it boring and somewhat difficult to learn English successfully. This report will examine how students in Hong Kong can be motivated to take a greater interest in the acquisition of English language skills and in learning how to write and communicate effectively in English. The term â€Å"motivation† was originally derived from the Latin word â€Å"movere† which means â€Å"to move†. Allan (1965) defines motivation as the â€Å"force that drives people to do things† (p 15). Biehler have defined motivation as the forces within an individual that are responsible for the â€Å"arousal, selection, direction and continuation of behavior.† (Snowman and Biehler, 1997, p 399). Beardwell et al (2004) subscribe to the view that a precise definition is not feasible, but they do agree that at a very basic level, â€Å"motivation is about motives and needs.† (p 505). Hence, a broad overall definition of motivation may be said to include the internal or external factors that are responsible for increasing an individual’s willingness to work towards the achievement of a particular objective. Motivation is the most important factor that determines the difference between â€Å"what a person can do and what he or she wil l do.† (Amabile, 1983, p 366). In the field of education, teachers may be able to extract a good performance from their students only when they can successfully motivate them. Davis (1999) has highlighted the views of Ericksen that â€Å"effective learning in the classroom depends on the teacher’s ability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦to maintain the interest that brought students to the course

BDX Organizational Information Technology Summary Research Paper

BDX Organizational Information Technology Summary - Research Paper Example In addition to the small group, there is a larger group of contract personnel and consultants, who do not use the company’s network. The following are the names of the key personnel in BDX: The title of the IT department is Computer Lab, and the number of staff in this department is three. Each staff is allocated various responsibilities, which range from software installation to information technology systems maintenance. The IT department is allocated 30 percent of the total budget. The budget includes employee’s remunerations, purchase, and development of relevant information technology systems. The budget also includes maintenance fees for the various information technology systems in the company. There are users project leaders at the organization. These project leaders are concerned with research and development activities of the organization. They have the responsibility of ensuring that the organization is up-to-date with technology and making use of technology to enhance functions of the organizations. A web team exists which is led by Toni McEntire. Toni is the Network Administrator and he creates and maintains the BDX webpage. Two other employees assist Toni and they ensure that all technology-related items run smoothly; they include web updating and maintenance. The web team name is Fast Technology Innovators and it reports directly to the Network Administrator. The name is based on the mean age of the web team and the present situation in the technological world. The company has outsourced most of the functions such as help desk, stationaries, office equipment, and infrastructure materials. The move is to ensure that the company is not overwhelmed by the many functions. This also ensures that everyone in the company runs smoothly and as expected. There were no new hires last year and this is because of the fact that the company is still in its early development

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Compare and contrast - Essay Example Most of these artists engaged in paintings of beautiful women a character that we see with works from Sharaku and Katagawa. However, landscapes had been given limited attention by most of thee artists hence the reason for Hokusai’s diversion. Most of the critics of Hokusai’s works defined his landscape paintings as the Western paintings since they differed from Japanese paintings in terms of imagination, composition, atmosphere and the natural observation. A good piece of art showing an assumption of Tsunami off the coast of Japan is an ancient art done by Katsushika Hokusai (Nagata and Bester 28). This piece of art was done between 1760-1849. However, many people argue that this piece of art is not a Tsunami but depicts other things. This geometrical piece of art employs the use of circles, lines, and triangles in an artistic manner, which creates a sense of space collapsing. From the picture, there is an indication that the boatmen are not fighting against the huge wa ve but rather using the flow of the wave for their movement. Most of the artist believes that this picture was created as a symbol of his death since this is just one of the pieces of arts Hokusai produced just before his death. The painting is a traditional Japanese piece of art especially by the Japanese writings that are embedded in it. We also find this feature in the other two paintings indicating that these are traditional ukiyo-e paintings. The piece of art also symbolizes Japanese tradition. Hokusai shows symbols of tradition in this piece of art. Mount Fiji is shown from a background and this time is not shown as a huge mountain but just a small one shifting the focus of everyone’s perception. The picture also indicates Japanese anglers in boats struggling with the sea wave. In addition to this, a sense of energy has been created in this picture. Three quarters of the film is the huge sea wave, which consumes the great mount Fiji. This shows that Hokusai wanted to ex press energy in his composition. The technique used in painting of this picture is from the printing of woodblocks a technique that was mostly used by Buddhists in the 17th century. Otanaji Oniji II is a 1794-95 piece of art, which was developed by Toshusai Sharaku. In this piece of art, Sharaku’s great composition depicts a sense of energy, which is displaying realism and beauty. We can compare the theme of energy in relation to Hokusai’s picture in which the sea consumes three quarters of the space. From Sharaku’s picture, we can see that the artist has employed the use of lines triangles, and circles the same way in which Hokusai developed in The Great wave off Kanagawa. However, Sharaku in this piece of art is more real and articulate (Narazaki 79). The face of the picture takes three quarters of the space emphasizing the key area he wanted to expose. When comparing the themes of these two pictures we notice that Sharaku’s picture illustrates a huge s ense of modernity. The person in the picture is beautiful and with lots of energy shown in the face while Hokusai’s picture indicates a deep sense of tradition from the boats and the physical background. In comparison, all these piece of arts were done in the 17th century a time when most of the artists used woodblocks as their main tool for production of their pieces of art. Sharaku also shows a sense of tradition in this portrait. The clothing of the person in the p

21st Century Technology in Today's Classroom Essay - 1

21st Century Technology in Today's Classroom - Essay Example context, which includes â€Å"the institutional objectives of the e-learning program, the role and skills of any instructor, longevity of the resources, and cultural sensitivities†; and influence, which means how the e-learning design will influence the learner, the learning community, and the environment in which the learning is taking place (Brown & Voltz, 2005, pp. 4-7). Article 2 Abstract: Teacher’s conception of e-learning and e-teaching is also crucial. Teacher’s like e-learning because it excites their students, and provides a way for lectures to become more interesting. Moreover, students have a way of exploring their tacit knowledge, and learn more about co-operative learning and how to behave in social situations. Teachers also like e-learning because it gives them a way to give students extra information, outside the lecture and it also gives the teacher a way to give information to the masses. On the other hand, for some cultures, self-study is difficult. For instance, for a Chinese student, who still expects the teacher to provide information through the lectures, self-study through e-learning is difficult. Therefore, there needs to be ways to overcome these challenges (McConnell & Zhao, 2006). Article 3 Abstract: This article talks about cultural differences, which could prove a challenge to the e-learning community. Different cultures share knowledge in different ways. Some cultures are individualistic, which means that these cultures put personal goals in front of group goals; collectivistic cultures are the opposite. The individualistic cultures see information independent of context, while the collectivistic cultures need contextual cues and disregard information in writing. Anther difference in culture includes in-group and out-group orientation. Cultures which are out-group orientated do not have a problem sharing information outside their group; in-group orientated cultures do. Some cultures have a strong fear of losing

Product and Place Marketing Activities Movie Review

Product and Place Marketing Activities - Movie Review Example Bob McDonald, Procter & Gamble’s CEO, insists the customers will prefer the higher priced better quality P & G products over the lower priced low-quality competitors’ alternatives. (Money.CNN.com, 2009). Wal-Mart’s Green Balancing Act. Wal-Mart offers its grocery-based green products in a place where the target customers can easily reach. The grocery is located in major communities. The strategic plan of the grocery is to sell organic food to the community. The current and future customers visit the nearby Wal-Mart branch to purchase Wal-Mart’s several organic food alternatives. The company cares about sustainability. By prioritizing the marketing of green products, the company is able to achieve its sustainability goals. Consequently, people who need the healthy food sources are able to travel to the next block to purchase another vegetable product (Money.CNN.com, 2010). Further, Supermarkets arrange the product choices to persuade the customers to buy more than what they really currently need (CBSNews.com, 2009). Swagger Wagon/Toyota. The company produces a very persuasive Toyota car promotion advertisement. The promotion includes singers promoting the safety, comfort and other attractive benefits of owning the Swagger Wagon Toyota car. The singers dance to the melody of the song. The promotion advertises the car’s benefits for the Mom, Dad, and children. The male singer represents the child-caring dad. The female singer depicts the wife or mother who feels the car helps the mother’s resolve her determine whether the children are safe. The promotion, advertisement shows the Swagger Wagon Toyota car helps ensure the safety and location of the young child (Youtube.com, 2010). Next, Rosco emphasizes K-9 dogs are used to determine if the cast iron is high-quality products (Youtube.com, 2009). Exotic Car Rentals Rev Up. Gotham Dream Cars offers reasonable car rental rates.The company offers

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Compare and contrast - Essay Example Most of these artists engaged in paintings of beautiful women a character that we see with works from Sharaku and Katagawa. However, landscapes had been given limited attention by most of thee artists hence the reason for Hokusai’s diversion. Most of the critics of Hokusai’s works defined his landscape paintings as the Western paintings since they differed from Japanese paintings in terms of imagination, composition, atmosphere and the natural observation. A good piece of art showing an assumption of Tsunami off the coast of Japan is an ancient art done by Katsushika Hokusai (Nagata and Bester 28). This piece of art was done between 1760-1849. However, many people argue that this piece of art is not a Tsunami but depicts other things. This geometrical piece of art employs the use of circles, lines, and triangles in an artistic manner, which creates a sense of space collapsing. From the picture, there is an indication that the boatmen are not fighting against the huge wa ve but rather using the flow of the wave for their movement. Most of the artist believes that this picture was created as a symbol of his death since this is just one of the pieces of arts Hokusai produced just before his death. The painting is a traditional Japanese piece of art especially by the Japanese writings that are embedded in it. We also find this feature in the other two paintings indicating that these are traditional ukiyo-e paintings. The piece of art also symbolizes Japanese tradition. Hokusai shows symbols of tradition in this piece of art. Mount Fiji is shown from a background and this time is not shown as a huge mountain but just a small one shifting the focus of everyone’s perception. The picture also indicates Japanese anglers in boats struggling with the sea wave. In addition to this, a sense of energy has been created in this picture. Three quarters of the film is the huge sea wave, which consumes the great mount Fiji. This shows that Hokusai wanted to ex press energy in his composition. The technique used in painting of this picture is from the printing of woodblocks a technique that was mostly used by Buddhists in the 17th century. Otanaji Oniji II is a 1794-95 piece of art, which was developed by Toshusai Sharaku. In this piece of art, Sharaku’s great composition depicts a sense of energy, which is displaying realism and beauty. We can compare the theme of energy in relation to Hokusai’s picture in which the sea consumes three quarters of the space. From Sharaku’s picture, we can see that the artist has employed the use of lines triangles, and circles the same way in which Hokusai developed in The Great wave off Kanagawa. However, Sharaku in this piece of art is more real and articulate (Narazaki 79). The face of the picture takes three quarters of the space emphasizing the key area he wanted to expose. When comparing the themes of these two pictures we notice that Sharaku’s picture illustrates a huge s ense of modernity. The person in the picture is beautiful and with lots of energy shown in the face while Hokusai’s picture indicates a deep sense of tradition from the boats and the physical background. In comparison, all these piece of arts were done in the 17th century a time when most of the artists used woodblocks as their main tool for production of their pieces of art. Sharaku also shows a sense of tradition in this portrait. The clothing of the person in the p

Product and Place Marketing Activities Movie Review

Product and Place Marketing Activities - Movie Review Example Bob McDonald, Procter & Gamble’s CEO, insists the customers will prefer the higher priced better quality P & G products over the lower priced low-quality competitors’ alternatives. (Money.CNN.com, 2009). Wal-Mart’s Green Balancing Act. Wal-Mart offers its grocery-based green products in a place where the target customers can easily reach. The grocery is located in major communities. The strategic plan of the grocery is to sell organic food to the community. The current and future customers visit the nearby Wal-Mart branch to purchase Wal-Mart’s several organic food alternatives. The company cares about sustainability. By prioritizing the marketing of green products, the company is able to achieve its sustainability goals. Consequently, people who need the healthy food sources are able to travel to the next block to purchase another vegetable product (Money.CNN.com, 2010). Further, Supermarkets arrange the product choices to persuade the customers to buy more than what they really currently need (CBSNews.com, 2009). Swagger Wagon/Toyota. The company produces a very persuasive Toyota car promotion advertisement. The promotion includes singers promoting the safety, comfort and other attractive benefits of owning the Swagger Wagon Toyota car. The singers dance to the melody of the song. The promotion advertises the car’s benefits for the Mom, Dad, and children. The male singer represents the child-caring dad. The female singer depicts the wife or mother who feels the car helps the mother’s resolve her determine whether the children are safe. The promotion, advertisement shows the Swagger Wagon Toyota car helps ensure the safety and location of the young child (Youtube.com, 2010). Next, Rosco emphasizes K-9 dogs are used to determine if the cast iron is high-quality products (Youtube.com, 2009). Exotic Car Rentals Rev Up. Gotham Dream Cars offers reasonable car rental rates.The company offers

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay Bulua National High School is a leader high school in legislative District 1, located at Barangay Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City which was governed and funded with the Barangay Officials spearheaded by Pedro P. Legaspi. It was in 1970 when the secondary education, Bulua Barrio High School came to an open with two sections in the First year level and the Second year level was opened on the following year until the 4-year high school level was completed. The school was temporarily located at the compound of Bulua Elementary School campus in which they called as squatters. They did not have their permanent classrooms to be used. Sometimes classes were being held under the shades of the Mango and Butterfly trees. They also conduct night classes just to accommodate working students from the neighboring Barangays. Each enrollee was still entitled to pay 10.00 pesos for the freshmen, 15.00 pesos for the sophomores, 20.00 pesos for the juniors and 25.00 pesos for the seniors every month. The fees were received by the hands of the Barangay treasurer. The school was facilitated with 10 teachers and 1 school in-charge only. It was then in 1985 that BBHS became the PILOT SCHOOL of the 1989 Secondary Education Curriculum headed by its school principal Mrs. Enriqueta C. Pabelic. Year after, BBHS became Bulua National High School (BNHS) which was funded already direct from the National Level under the late President Cory Aquino’s administration. Presently, BNHS is located in its owned 1.4 hectare approximately lot donated by the late Congressman Pedro Oloy Roa through the joint effort of Barangay Chairman Pedro P. Legaspi and the late DECS – Division P.E Supervisor, Mr. Bernabe Pabellic for its lot acquisition. Introduction The Library Hub is a program by the Department of Education aiming to address the lack of public libraries across the countries by setting up the library hubs. Library Hub is a novel and unique structure in the Philippines educational system, whereby an infrastructure and new reading materials made possible through collaborative partnerships with stakeholders are provided to public school students for free. To date, DepEd has set up about 50 Library Hubs in a very short span of time throughout the country. These Hubs will be servicing thousands of public schools. Books were placed in plastics. The Library Hubs are housed in existing buildings with an area of at least 250 to 300 square meters. A Library Hub is run by a librarian, library clerk, and utility staff and functions as a book warehouse for public schools in a given district. Each Hub lends books to its designated schools, which in turn lend the books to their students. The provision of reading books for free in the hub is not only for public schools but ALS, SPED, barangay centers, etc. It also serves as a â€Å"wholesale† library exclusively servicing elementary/secondary schools within a division. The hubs operate warehouse style, compared to the traditional public library setupinstead of books being individually placed on shelves; they are stored in plastic bins for storage. These bins would then be checked out and brought by teachers and administrators of public schools to their respective public schools, to be returned after twenty-five days. While at the school, these books can be borrowedor even brought homeby the students until the books are to be returned to the hub. Launched in 2003 by then undersecretary Juan Miguel Luz, the project has now set up library hubs in 32 school divisions all over the country, for a total of around 145 hubs built since 2004. The hubs are financed by both the public and private sector, with major donors having the option to name the hubs whichever way they like. 1. Background of the study The use of computers and various programs are being developed for that certain desire to be done in a short period of time. Manual System for a Library Hub is quite a difficult task to perform. It takes a long period of time in locating and monitoring the availability of the books and can have the tendencies of missing files. That’s why we created this Computerized Library Hub System in order to solve that problem. Our Computerized Library Hub System is a program that is use to update the information about a certain record of books. It allows adding book information immediately and it only takes minutes to search a specific book. It lessens the possibility of missing files unlike the manual system. This system can be able to monitor automatically where, when or who borrowed a book. It also gives more accuracy in processing any transactions. Besides of that, it can help a librarian to work much easier and faster than a manual system. 2. Statement of the Research Problem * A licensed librarian is one of the major concerned problem of Bulua National High School Library Hub. Since they have a what they called â€Å"Acting Librarian† who was also a full time teacher in the school. It takes a long period of time for her to organized the books especially in putting accession number in it and log it in her module. Another concerned is that the books in the library hub has not been arranged in dewey decimal classification which is the main reason why the personnel in-charge and the students has the difficulty in locating the book and to check its availability. * There’s a possibility that the library hub may encounter following problems such loss of records, repetition of data entry and other important details about the books and the one who borrow the book. * How do they record the books? The students will fill a borrower’s card before they can get the book they want to borrow. Then afterwards the in-charge will log the list of the book that has been used or borrowed in the end of the day in the manual notebook. Unfortunately there are times that the in-charge can’t be able to log or record the borrowed books in the manual notebook. * How do the students know if the books are still available? Knowing that the school don’t have a Dewey Decimal Classification in their books, students have difficulties in searching the specific book and it takes too long for them to wait for the librarian to check unto the logbook whether the book is still available or being borrowed. 3. Statement of Objectives 3.1General Objectives This project aims to propose and develop a well-structured and computerized library hub system to help the library hub’s transactions easier, more effective and efficient. 3.2Specific Objectives * To lessen the burden of the user in handling the day by day transactions. * To lessen the possibility of missing files. * To make the process of updating the books efficient and can be done in a short period of time.

The Life Span Developmental Perspective Psychology Essay

The Life Span Developmental Perspective Psychology Essay The first chapter was very interesting from start to finish. However, out of all the concepts covered in this chapter the original sin, tabula rasa, and innate goodness views were the concepts that really fascinated me. The reason for this is that I am a Roman Catholic, therefore as part of my faith I am supposed to believe that we are all born with original sin. After reading the Tabula Rasa View and dwelling on my basic knowledge of human behavior, I leaned more towards English philosopher John Lockes theory. I believe that children are not born innately bad. It has been said that a childs brain is like a sponge therefore it absorbs everything. With that being said, it is obvious that a child develops characteristics through experience. This would also mean that I agree with nurture as oppose to Nature for child development. However, I do believe that genetics and disorders such as mental illness that one might acquire through birth can impact the way they are developed. Chapter 1 gave me a basic understanding of Life Span Developmental Psychology as well as an idea of what I can expect to learn and study in later chapters. Chapter 2 : The Science of Life Span Development introduced me to theories of development, such as Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, and Ethological. In addition, the different research methods used by scientists such as standard tests and correlation research. As well as the challenges ethics, gender, and culture have on the research. This chapter also informed me on the different theories developed by scientists such as Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and B.F. Skinner and the impact they had and still do have on life span development. As chapter 1 grabbed my interest with the ideas and concepts of Life Span Development being predominantly environmental as oppose to biological, so did chapter 2. Not only did I agree with the view of Social Cognitive Theory being that behavior, environment, and cognition are the key factors in development, I was fascinated on how the book related Banduras model to a college students achievement behavior. The example stated that a college student who studies hard and gets good grades produces positivity in their thoughts and abilities. If the college provides a study skill class and the students succeed, then this is an example on how environment influenced behavior. In return, if the college expanded their study skills program based on the success of its past students, then this is an example of behavior changing the environment. The most interesting part of Chapter 2 was the role ethics play in Life Span Development research. Obviously people are entitled to rights of privacy and do not like the intrusive vibes that some researchers might give off during an experiment. However I do believe that in order to obtain the greatest amount of useful information, flexibility and professionalism by the scientists and subjects are needed to produce the best result. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Biological Beginnings examined the concepts of evolution and the early stages of Life Span Development. Genetics, DNA, chromosomes, and the effects of biological make up have on development were introduced. In addition, the relationship and importance of hereditary and environmental interaction were examined. Essentially, this chapter was everything you would have learned from fifth grade sexual education, but on a larger more in depth scale. I am one of six children and hope to be a father someday. With that being said, I found the section on infertility the most interesting as well as the most useful concept revealed in this chapter. I was already aware of the fact that drugs such as cocaine and marijuana can affect the sperm count in men, but I was not aware that it was reversible after approximately one year. With all the shows on TV such as John and Kate Plus Eight or the Octo-Mom craze, it was interesting to learn how infertility drugs have caused super ovulation, meaning to produce three or more babies at a time. While the infertility section was useful and informative, I would have liked to learn more about preventative actions that could be used against problems such as immobile sperm, and Pituitary or ovarian tumors. The chapter only covered possible causes and treatments for fertility disorders, not the acts that could save someone from the pain, suffering, and expense that infertility brings. Even if it were small common known facts like wearing boxers over briefs. Its a simple yet effective way of eliminating low sperm count and ultimately infertility. I feel that this type of information could decrease the ten to fifteen percent of couples who face infertility in the United States as stated by the book. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth covered anything and everything there is to know about pregnancy before, during, and after. Prenatal developmental subjects such as cultural beliefs, teratology and prenatal hazards were introduced as well as the three periods of prenatal development. These three periods are germinal, embryonic, and fetal. Following the three periods of prenatal development, the book described the three stages of birth which are contractions, movement of the babys head to the cervix, and finally the afterbirth where the placenta and umbilical cord are removed. The chapter ended with the post-partum period, where the woman returns to pre-pregnancy state as well as her adjustments and relationship with the baby. With such an informative and interesting chapter, it is difficult for me to choose a topic that intrigued me more or left me with doubt and unanswered questions. Perhaps the section that I absorbed the most information from was the post-partum period. The information given about the physical, emotional, and psychological adjustments that a woman goes through after pregnancy will be useful for me with the future mother of my children. A part of post child birth that this chapter exposed me to that I never really gave much thought, was the fact that the men go through difficult adjustments in the post-partum period as well. Apparently, men suffer from a jealousy of the babys attention which I felt was ridiculous. However, I do believe that time set aside for the couple is very important for their sanity and will ultimately lead to better parenting. So if my wife is suffering from excessive worrying, depression, extreme changes in appetite, crying spells or inability to sleep, I will kn ow from chapter 4 of Life Span Developmental Psychology, that she might require professional help. Chapter 5 As stated in the title, chapter 5 covered the Physical Development in Infancy. The physical growth aspects of infancy such as Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal patterns, height weight, nutrition, and even toilet training were described. Following the physical developments, motor, sensory and perceptual development was defined through definitions such as sensation, when information interacts with sensory receptors, and the five different forms of reflexes. Chapter 5 alone can be a useful tool for parents who have any questions on the development of an infant. Out of the many topics covered in this chapter, I of course identified most with the toilet training. For years I had pride myself on the notion that I was some sort of baby genius because I learned to potty train at the age of four. After reading that children have the physical and motor skills to use the toilet as oppose to their pants, I realized that I was not a baby genius but a late bloomer. Besides destroying my ego, I did learn that one of the main reasons I have been underweight my whole life is due to the fact that I was not breast fed. The book states the breast feeding allows appropriate weight gain, fewer allergies, less diaherria and many other benefits that I did not have the opportunity to experience. This chapter had me realize how the physical development in infancy can affect the physical developments of adolescence and adult hood. Ultimately, this chapter reinforced the importance of proper nutrition, continuous stimulation of the mind and body are crucial during infant development. Chapter 6 The memory, sensory, and language of infants were all described in Chapter 6 Cognitive Development in Infancy. A name that was mentioned numerous times throughout the chapter was psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget developed a theory on Cognitive Development after meticulously observing of his own children; Laurent, Lucienne, and Jacqueline. Piaget believed that a child passes through different stages of thought from birth to adolescence. An important concept of his theory is scheme, which helps individuals organize and understand their experiences. The most fascinating part of chapter six for me was the defining, of language and a childs development of vocabulary. An interesting fact I learned was that children all over the world reach language milestones at about the same time developmentally despite vast variation in language input. The chapter also offered helpful strategies to develop an infants language and those are recasting, echoing, expanding, and labeling. An example for recasting is if the baby says the bell rang the parent should respond by saying where did the bell ring. This allows the infant to learn the language by elaborating on an interest they had already stated. Perhaps the most common method is labeling, which is just basically naming objects and having the baby repeat them such eyes, and ears. The chapter ended by stating that parents should not use any deliberate method to teach their children to talk and that if the child is a slow learner intervention should happen naturally with the goal of being able to convey a meaning. Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Socioemotional Development in Infancy defined what emotional and personality development are in addition to the definition of attachment and infants in social contexts. The vast emotions an infant contains from crying to smiling were detailed such as the differences between an anger cry and a pain cry, as well as the difference between a reflexive smile and a social smile. Other concepts introduced were defining temperament, which psychiatrist have argued that there are three types an easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up child. The chapter ended focusing on the importance of a childs surrounding such as family and day care. These concepts were the transition to parenthood, the family as a system, and maternal/parental infant care giving. What captivated my attention the most from this chapter was the section on attachment, because it is something that I believe is very crucial in a childs development, however there are many different ideas and methods that can sometime cause debate or conflict between parents. Something I learned new about attachment from the chapter was that attachment does not emerge suddenly but rather develops in a series of phases. The first phase starts from birth to two months where infants are instinctively directing their attention to any human being, family or stranger. The second phase is from two to seven months in which the attachment becomes focused on one figure usually the primary caregiver, and learns the difference between familiar and unfamiliar faces. From seven to twenty-four months in phase three the infant makes specific attachments to their main caregivers. Finally, in phase four a goal corrected partnership is formed which the child becomes aware of others and takes this into account when deciding their actions. Chapter 8 The early childhood section of the book started in Chapter 8 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood. The physical development was defined by body growth and change, motor development, nutrition, and illness/death. The concepts described in the cognitive development, were Piagets and Vygotskys theories of development, information processing, language development, and early childhood education. In addition, to information processing, language development, and early childhood education. The most alarming information listed in this chapter was the leading causes of illness and death for young children in the united states. Out of all the diseases that could potentially harm a child, accidents are still the leading cause of child fatality. Accidents such as motor vehicle, drowning, falls, and poisoning are higher risks than cancer, meningitis, measles, and even chicken pox. One of the many useful tips listed in this chapter were the descriptions of young childrens education programs. Such as the difference between Montessori and child centered kindergarten. In kindergarten, the instructor focuses on the process of learning, rather than what is actually being learned. Montessori instructors serve as more of a facilitator allowing children to practice freedom and spontaneity. I learned that Montessori offers way more than what I thought was just a glorified day care. Studies have shown that while early childhood education is good, it is important to not add too much stress on a child early, for they can develop a pattern of stress. Chapter 9 The theme for chapter 9 was Socioemotional Development in early childhood development. This included emotional and personality development, families and peer evaluations. The emotional and personality development covered self understanding, emotional development, moral development and gender identity. The family section of this chapter consisted of different styles of parenting which included authoritarian, authorative, neglectful, and indulgent. In addition to sibling influence, relationship, and the affect working parents have on a childs development. Finally, the funnest part of the chapter was all about the different aspects of childs play such as games and television. As I stated earlier, I really enjoyed the different descriptions of child playing listed in this chapter. According to Mildred Parten, there are four classifications of childrens play which include unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative. Each different classification offers the child different skills of learning and drawbacks. Unoccupied play, solitary, onlooker, and parallel play are generally practiced by children between the ages of 3 to 7, preschool kindergarten years. Associative and cooperative play is generally more structured and is aimed towards competition and winning therefore they are aimed for 7 years and beyond. A shocking statistic that the book offered was the effects of television on Childrens Aggression and prosocial behavior. In on longitudinal study, the amount of violence viewed on television at age 8 was significantly related to the seriousness of criminal acts performed as an adult. The chapter contained a chart that exposed the percentage of 9 year old children who report watching more than five hours of television per weekday, the chart revealed that the United States led all countries in the 21.3 percentile. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 opened section 5 of the book which covers middle and late childhood. The chapter covered the Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood. The physical development section covered body growth and proportion, motor development, exercise and sports, health, illness, diseases, and children with disabilities. The cognitive development section consisted of Piagets theory, information processing, intelligence, creativity, and language development. Being a firm believer in the importance of exercise and sports, I identified with that aspect of the chapter. As I was completely already aware of, the book stated that American children do not receive enough exercise in their development. According to a 1997 study, only 22 percent of children between the ages of 9 to 12 participate in thirty minutes of physical activity a day. The parents of the other 78 percent said their children were too busy playing video games, watching TV, or wasting time on the computer. I really liked how the chapter brought up the issue of school sports programs not facing enough moral questioning. I am a firm believer in the costiveness that sports have on students. I believe it raises their confidence, teaches them to work hard and push themselves. However, often times the school sport programs interfere with a childs academic, which is by far the most important aspect of human development. There needs to be better regulation of these programs to ensure the success of its student-athletes. Chapter 11 The Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood. The following concepts were Emotional and Personality development, families, peers, and schools. Like in previous chapters, emotional and personality development consisted of the self, emotional, moral and gender identity and development. Family section covered parent child issues such as the issue of changes in discipline. The peers section dealt with concepts of peer statuses, bullying, social cognition, and friendship. I enjoyed the peer section of this chapter. It was interesting to read their definition, and reasoning behind social statuses such as popular children, neglected children, rejected children, and controversial children. According to the book, popular children are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers. Popular children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, act like them, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited. I disagree with this definition. From my understanding, popular children are usually popular based on superior athletic abilities, good looks, charm and charisma. Most of the time they are very conceited and show very little concern for others, speaking as a former popular child, I was an asshole. The section on bullying was very informative. I particularly enjoyed their suggestions on the reducing of bullying which were to get older peers to serve as monitors for bullying and intervene when they see it taking place, form friendship groups for adolescents who are regularly bullied by peers, incorporate the message of the anti-bullying program into church, school, and other community activates where adolescents are involved. Chapter 12 Section 6 Adolescents opened up with Chapter 12 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence. The concepts covered in this chapter were the nature of adolescence, puberty, adolescent sexuality, adolescent problems and health, adolescent cognition, and schools. Puberty was defined by pubertys boundaries and determinants, hormonal changes, height, weight, sexual maturation, body image, early and late maturation. Adolescent sexuality consisted of developing a sexual identity, the progression of adolescent sexual behaviors, risk factors for sexual problems, contraceptive use, sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy. Adolescent health and problems covered substance use and abuse, eating disorders, and general adolescent health. Adolescent cognition was defined by Piagets theory, egocentrism, and information processing. Finally schools impact on adolescence went over the transition of middle school, effective schools, high school dropouts, and moral education. Without a doubt chapter 12 was by far the most interesting and informational chapter yet. With such well written, intelligent facts on the changes that adolescence brings, I almost felt as if I was reliving that time in development myself after reading this chapter. Perhaps one of the more interesting facts listed was the progression of adolescent sexual behavior. According to a survey done in 1998, the majority of adolescent females first voluntary sexual partner are 27 percent of the time to be 3 or four times older and 12 percent are 5 or more years older. The average age children lose their virginity is 17, this means that 12 percent of the time, 22 year olds or older are engaging in sexual intercourse with teenagers. I found that to be very distributing. Chapter 13 Following the books typical pattern, the second chapter in the section of Adolescence dealt with the Socioemotional Development in Adolescence. The chapters concepts were identity, families, peers, culture and adolescent development, and adolescent problems. Identity discussed contemporary thoughts about identity, identity statuses and development, family influences on identity, cultural and ethnic aspects of identity. The Families section had two major concepts which were autonomy and attachment as well as parent adolescent conflict. The peers section was defined the three concepts of Peer groups, friendships, and dating/romantic relationships. Culture and adolescent development consisted of the cross cultural comparisons and rites of passage and ethnicity concept. Finally, the adolescent problems section of the chapter discussed concepts of juvenile delinquency, depression and suicide, in addition to the interrelation of problems and successful prevention/ intervention programs. After reading this chapter I realized that I am more intrigued by the Adolescent development stage rather than early childhood. I think this could be because I am closer to it age wise, but mostly due to the fact that it is such an intense, and complex part of a persons life that it can affect their future. Speaking from a former delinquent, I felt that the chapter described the causes of delinquency being partially hereditary, identity problems, community influences, and family experiences all just factors. Chapter 14 Section 7 Early Adulthood was opened with Chapter 14 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood. The chapter dealt with the transition from adolescence to adulthood, physical development, sexuality, cognitive development, careers and work. The section on the transition from adolescence to adulthood consisted of two concepts being the criteria for becoming an adult, and the transition from high school to college. Physical development included the peak and slowdown in physical performance, eating and weight, regular exercise, and substance abuse. The sexuality section was defined by sexual orientation, sexually transmitted diseases, forcible sexual behavior and sexual harassment. Cognitive Development focused on cognitive stages and creativity. The most intense section was careers and work because it consisted of the following concepts; developmental changes, personality types, values and careers, monitoring the occupational handbook, the skills employers want, finding the r ight career, and just work in general. Since I could be considered an early adult, I found this chapter to be very relatable and interesting. Of course the most interesting section of this chapter was sexuality. What was so interesting about this section were once again the surveys results. According to this survey Americans tend to fall into three categories, one third have sex twice a week or more, one third have a few times a month, and the other third has it a few times a year or less. A result from the essay I did not agree with or thought perhaps is out dated, was that America believes strongly in sexual behavior between married couples and monogamy. There have been many other studies and surveys that proved opposite that we are one of the many non-monogamous countries in the world today. Chapter 15 Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood was what was covered in chapter 15. Topics included Continuity and Discontinuity from Childhood to Adulthood, Attraction, Love and Close friendships, Marriage/Family, The Diversity of Adult Lifestyles, Gender, Relationships, and Self Development. Temperament and Attachment were covered in the Continuity and Discontinuity from Childhood section of the chapter. Attraction, Love and Close Friendships was divided into three sections of attraction, the faces of love, and loneliness. Marriage and Family consisted of the family life cycle, marriage in general, the aspects of gender and emotion in Marriage, as well as parental roles. Single, cohabiting, divorced, remarried, gay and lesbian adults were examined in the diversity of adult lifestyles section of this chapter. The last section, Gender, Relationships, and Self-development consisted on the development of men and women. I enjoyed the section on marital expectations and myths because it gave me a good sense of what I can expect if I ever do get married. According to the book, the reason for our nations high divorce and dissatisfaction of marriage is due to the fact that we have too high of expectations. We expect our spouse to simultaneously be a lover, friend, a confidant, a counselor, a career person, and a parent. The myths of marriage were the most interesting part of this concept. Apparently, avoiding conflict does not save marriages, sex is not the main cause of affairs, and men arent all philanderers. After reading this chapter all I could say was, AMEN! Tools that make marriage work are establishing love maps, nurturing fondness and admiration, Turning toward each other instead of away, letting your partner influence you, and solving solvable conflicts. Useful tool were provided in this chapter. Chapter 16 Section 8 Middle Adulthood began as all other sections with Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood. Topics included in chapter 16 were changing middle age, physical development, cognitive development, careers, work, and leisure, religion and meaning of life. Physical development included physical changes, health and diseases, culture, personality, relationships and health, morality rates and sexuality. Cognitive development was described through the concepts of intelligence and information processing. Job satisfaction, career challenges and changes, and leisure were what was covered in the careers, work and leisure section. Finally, Religion and meaning of life consisted of the affect religion has on the health and psychological development of middle adult hood. This chapter was kind of depressing to read. It made me realize that middle adult hood is usually spent wishing that you were still in early adult hood and are constantly fearing for late adulthood. With middle adult hood comes a terrible physical change like wrinkles, aging spots, decrease in height, increase in weight and the more likelihood of containing a serious disease or illness such as cardio vascular disease. An interesting part of the chapter was the description of leisure in middle adult hood. Leisure refers to the pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choosing. One aspect of middle adulthood to look forward to be the fact that most adults have more money therefore they can do hobbies such as traveling. He book states that traveling is very important to the well being of a middle adult because it gives them a chance to distress and get away from the typical routine aspects of life. Adults who vacation can live up to nine years longer than those who dont. Chapter 17 Chapter 17 was about the Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood. Personality theories and development in middle adult hood, which consisted of adult stage theories, the life events approach, and contexts of midlife development, were the first section of this chapter. Stability and Change was described by two concepts of longitudinal studies and conclusions. The last part of the chapter discussed close relationships which was described by love/marriage at midlife, the empty nest and its refilling, parenting conceptions, sibling relationships and friends, and intergenerational relationships. My mothers relationships with her siblings and parents are complex. Therefore the sibling relationships and friendships section of this book was what I felt I could identify with the most because I wanted to learn more about the dynamics of those relationships and how they change when you reach midlife. Unfortunately, the chapter didnt really cover anything it just said some stay close some grow apart. I would have like to know why some siblings stay close and some grow apart. In addition to maybe some strategies to keep those relationships close would have been nice. One interesting aspect of this chapter was the empty nest syndrome. According to the book the empty nest syndrome is the marital satisfaction decreases because parents derive considerable satisfaction from their children and the childrens departure leaves parents with empty feelings. Parents who live vicariously through their children suffer from emptiness syndrome. On the other hand, other couples greater marriage satisfaction when the children leave because they are able to live as they did before there was children, like more time for each other and other pursuits. Chapter 18 Finally Ive reached the last section which is the inevitable Late Adulthood. As always, The physical Development in Late Adulthood was examined first. The topics were Longevity, The course of physical development in late adulthood, and health. Longevity consisted of life expectancy, life span, the young old, the old old, and the oldest old and biological theories of aging. The course of physical development in late adulthood is the aging brain, physical appearance, sensory development, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and sexuality development. As if all that wasnt enough, the book discussed late adulthood health, with topics of health problems, the robust oldest old, exercise, nutrition, weight, and finally health treatment. This chapter was depressing, informative, and interesting all at once. The depressing aspect of this chapter was the descriptions of the physical changes you face with late adulthood development. You become more vulnerable to diseases, we lose considerable muscle mass, contain a more sagging look, as well as loss of hearing, smell, taste and just about every other aspect of our physical being is worsen. Not to mention you become more asexual, due to diseases such as erectile dysfunction and societal views of disgust towards senior citizens engaging in such acts. Some of the more informative information in this chapter was the growing controversy over vitamins and aging. My grandparents take several vitamins because they were instructed that it was crucial to their health. According to the book, some researchers believe that just a balance diet is all that is needed to achieve health at an old age. Why this is true and important, other studies have shown that other factors such as pollution, smoking, and poor food quality can make it difficult, therefore those who took antioxidants like vitamin E reduced their chance of heart disease. Chapter 19 Chapter 19 was the Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood. The topics Cognitive functioning in older adults, work and retirement, the mental health of older adults, and religion in late adulthood were discussed. Cognitive functioning in older Adults consisted of the descriptions of the multidimensional, multidirectional nature of cognition, education, work, and health links to cognitive functioning, the use it or lose it approach, and the training of cognitive skills. Work and retirement talked about work for senior citizens in general, retirement in the united states and other countries and their adjustment to it. The mental health of older adults discussed its nature, depression, dementia, Alzheimers disease and other afflictions. As well as fear of victimization, crime, elder maltreatment, and meeting the mental health needs of older adults. I was very intrigued by the story of ninety-two year old Russell Bob Harrell. Apparently, this man puts in twelve hour days at Sieco Consulting Engineers in Columbus Indiana, as a highway and bridge engineer designing and planning roads. I